ISHAR ANDRIANA BT BAHARU DIN S v. TORTURE CLAIMS APPEAL BOARD

HCAL 824/2023

[2024] HKCFI 3148

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST NO 824 OF 2023

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review
NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord 53 r 3)

Following:

	consideration of the documents only;            or
	consideration of the documents and oral submissions by the Applicant in open court / the Applicant being absent in open court;

The application for leave to apply for judicial review be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

1.  The Applicant is a 43-year-old national of Indonesia who last arrived in Hong Kong on 16 December 2018 with permission to continue to work as a foreign domestic helper until the expiration of her employment contract on 16 December 2020 or within 14 days of its early termination, but when her employment was prematurely terminated on 22 November 2019, she did not depart and instead overstayed, and was arrested by police more than 2 years later on 25 July 2022. After she was referred to the Immigration Department for investigation, she raised a non-refoulement claim for protection on the basis that if she returned to Indonesia she would be harmed or killed by her parents’ creditor over their debts.

2.  The Applicant was born and raised in Bagek Rende Village, Jontlak Ward, Praya Tengah District, Lombok Tengah, Indonesia. After leaving school she married her husband and raised a family with 3 children in her home district.

3.  In 2014 she went to Taiwan to work as a domestic servant, during which she was told by her parents about a loan obtained by them from a local money-lender for their civil suit over some land dispute, and that they needed her help to repay their loan, and so the Applicant from thence started to remit money to her parents every month from her salary.

4.  As she was also required to support her own family, and on the occasions when she was unable to send money to her parents, she was told that their creditor would send men to threaten them, and after they found out that she had been helping her parents to repay their debts, those men also made threats against her, and so in 2017 the Applicant started to come to Hong Kong to work as a foreign domestic helper for higher income to help pay her parents’ debts.

5.  However, after her last employment was prematurely terminated in November 2019, she was afraid to return to Indonesia and therefore overstayed in Hong Kong, and after her subsequent arrest she then raised her non-refoulement claim for protection, for which she completed a Non-refoulement Claim Form (“NCF”) on 19 August 2022 and attended screening interview before the Immigration Department with legal representation from the Duty Lawyer Service (“DLS”).

6.  By a Notice of Decision dated 16 September 2022 the Director of Immigration (“Director”) rejected the Applicant’s claim on all the applicable grounds including risk of torture under Part VIIC of the Immigration Ordinance, Cap 115 (“Torture Risk”), risk of her absolute or non-derogable rights under the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, Cap 383 (“HKBOR”) being violated including right to life under Article 2 (“BOR 2 Risk”), risk of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under Article 3 of HKBOR (“BOR 3 Risk”), and risk of persecution with reference to the non-refoulement principle under Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (“Persecution Risk”).

7.  In his decision the Director took into account of all the relevant circumstances of the Applicant’s claim and did not accept that there would be any real and substantial risk of her being harmed or killed by her parent’s creditor and followers upon her return to Indonesia due to the absence of or low intensity and frequency of past ill-treatment from them, that there is no evidence of any real intention of her parents’ creditor to seriously harm or kill her other than to press her to repay her parents’ debts, that in any event it was a private monetary dispute between her parents and their creditor only without any official involvement that state or police protection would be available to the Applicant if resorted to, and that reliable and objective Country of Origin Information (“COI”) show that reasonable internal relocation alternatives are available in Indonesia with a large population of 275 million people spread across a vast territory of more than 1.9 million square kilometers that it would not be unduly harsh for the Applicant as an able-bodied adult with working experience to move to other areas of the country away from her home district in large cities such as Jakarta where it would be difficult if not impossible for her parents’ creditor to locate her.

8.  On 21 September 2022 the Applicant lodged an appeal to the Torture Claims Appeal Board (“Board”) against the Director’s decision, and for which she attended an oral hearing on 20 February 2023 before the Board during which she gave evidence and answered questions raised of her claim by the Adjudicator for the Board. On 5 May 2023, her appeal was dismissed by the Board which also confirmed the Director’s decision.

9.  In its decision the Board found material inconsistencies and discrepancies in the Applicant’s evidence that it doubted the credibility of her claim of fear of harm from her parents’ creditor that caused her to overstay in Hong Kong to seek protection, that her credibility was further undermined by the substantial delay in her raising her claim, that even if her claimed risk were true that it arose from some private monetary dispute between her parents and their creditor only without any official involvement that state or police protection would be available to the Applicant upon her return to Indonesia as well as reasonable internal relocation for her to move safely to other areas of the country without any risk of being located that her claim for non-refoulement protection failed on all applicable grounds. 

10.  On 29 May 2023, the Applicant filed her Form 86 for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s decision, but no ground for seeking relief was given in her Form or in her supporting affirmation of the same date in which she just stated that she does not agree with the decision but without putting forth any proper ground for her intended challenge. As such, and in the absence of any error of law or irrationality or procedural unfairness in her process before the Board or in its decision being clearly and properly identified by the Applicant, I do not find any reasonably arguable basis for her intended challenge.   

11.  As has been repeatedly emphasized by the Court of Appeal, judicial review does not operate as a rehearing of a non-refoulement claim when the proper occasion for the Applicant to present and articulate his claim is in the screening process and interview before the Immigration Department and in the process before the Board where the evaluation of the risk of harm is primarily a matter for the Director and the Board as they are entitled to make such evaluation based on the evidence available to them that the court will not usurp their role as primary decision makers in the absence of any legal error or procedural unfairness or irrationality in their decisions being clearly and properly identified by the Applicant, as judicial review is not an avenue for revisiting the assessment by them in the hope that the court may consider the matter afresh: Re Lakhwinder Singh [2018] HKCA 246; Re Daljit Singh [2018] HKCA 328; Re Mudannayakalage Chaminda Pushpa Kumara [2018] HKCA 400; and Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524.

12.  In the Applicant’s case, the fact is that it has been established by both the Director and the Board in their respective decisions that the risks of harm in her claim even if real is a localized one and that it is not unreasonable or unsafe for her to relocate to other part of Indonesia, there is simply no justification to afford her with non-refoulement protection in Hong Kong: see TK v Jenkins & Anor [2013] 1 HKC 526.                

13.  Having considered the decisions of both the Director and the Board with rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny, I do not find any error of law or procedural unfairness in either of them, nor any failure on their part to apply high standards of fairness in their consideration and assessment of the Applicant’s claim.

14.  Moreover, the Applicant recently on 2 August 2024 filed an affirmation requesting to withdraw her application and to return to her home country but without providing any further explanation or reasons for her request.

15.  In the premises, and as I am for the given reasons not satisfied that there is any prospect of success in the Applicant’s intended application for judicial review, I therefore refuse to grant leave and accordingly dismiss her application.

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1