DOAN TRUNG KIEN v. DIRECTOR OF IMMIGRATION

HCAL 1063/2024

[2024] HKCFI 2503

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST

NO 1063 OF 2024

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BETWEEN

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J U D G M E N T

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THE APPLICATION

1.  This is the applicant’s application for leave to apply for judicial review of the decision of the Director of Immigration dated 1 February 2024 (the “Director’s Decision”) refusing his subsequent claim of HCAL 1349 of 2021 (the “previous claim”) under section 37ZO of the Immigration Ordinance, Cap. 115 (the “Ordinance”).

2.  The Court, upon its own motion, has called upon the applicant to appear before it to show cause why the Court should not make a restricted proceedings order (“RPO”) against him since there is evidence to show that if unrestricted, the applicant may take out further proceedings to assert his non-refoulement claim on the same facts of the case, thereby abusing the legal process.

3.  The applicant was absent at the hearing on 11 September 2024. I shall deal with his application on paper.

The procedural history

4.  The applicant is a national of Vietnam. He came to Hong Kong on 11 July 2020. He was arrested by police and was referred to the Immigration Department. He lodged his claim for non-refoulement on all applicable grounds[1]

5.  His non-refoulement claim in his previous claim is on the bases that if he returns to India, he will be harmed or killed by the loan shark and his men because he failed to repay his loan.

6.  The Director rejected his application for the reason that his claim was not substantiated. His appeal to the Torture Claims Appeal Board/Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office (“the Board”) was dismissed by the Board. The Board dismissed his appeal because it was a private dispute and the state was not involved and the assault on him fell below the level of severity under the convention.

7.  He applied to the Court of the First Instance for leave for judicial review of the Board’s decision. The Court of the First Instance dismissed his application on 28 June 2022.

8.  By letter dated 13 November 2023, the applicant applied for subsequent claim.

9.  By the Director’s Decision, the Director refused his application.

The subsequent claim application

10.  Under section 37ZO of the Ordinance, he has to satisfy the immigration officer that there has been a significant change of circumstances since the previous claim was finally determined and such change of circumstances, when taken together with the material previously submitted, would give the subsequent claim a realist prospect of success.

11.  The applicant had submitted a statement to the immigration officer through his duty lawyer. In his statement, he said that he did not attend the hearing before the Court of the First Instance. Therefore, the court dismissed his application.

12.  His statement further stated that his creditor and his people are still looking for him. They had forced his mother in Vietnam to sell the house to pay the loan. The sales proceeds are not sufficient to pay off the loan. The loan shark went to his sister’s house where his mother was residing to harass his mother.

13.  The immigration officer assessed his application on the available information and found that his allegation that he relied upon the same reasons in his previous claim in support of his subsequent claim application. The issue of dispute and his enemies remain the same. These issues had been considered by the Board, which dismissed his claim.

14.  The immigration officer was not satisfied that there had been a change of circumstances since his previous claim was finally determined and such change, if any, when taken together with the previous claim, would give the subsequent claim a realistic prospect of success. The Director therefore rejected his application for subsequent claim.

The application for leave to apply for judicial review application

15.  The applicant has filed Form 86 on 4 July 2024 to apply for leave for judicial review of the Director’s Decision.

16.  In the affirmation in support of his application, the applicant did not raise any specific ground to challenge the Board’s Decision.

Discussion

17.  The role of this Court is supervisory, meaning that it ensures that the Director complied with the public law requirements in coming to his Decision. The Court will not usurp his fact-finding power. See TK v Michael C Jenkins Esq and Director of Immigration [2013] 1 HKC 526, §40 and Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524 §14 (1).

18.  The Court will bear in mind that the Director’s Decision should be examined with rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny.

19.  The applicant has raised no valid ground to challenge the Director’s Decision.

20.  There is no reasonable prospect of success in his intended application for leave for judicial review of the Director’s Decision.

21.  I dismiss his application for leave to apply for judicial review of the Director’s Decision.

The RPO

22.  The Director’s findings show that the applicant is attempting to re-litigate the facts in support of his previous claim for a subsequent claim, which will amount to an abuse of the process. The Court has the inherent jurisdiction to prevent the applicant from abusing its process by making a RPO and the extended order against him. See paragraphs 7 & 8 of the judgment of the Court of Final Appeal in Ng Yat Chi v Max Share Limited and China Resources (Holdings) Company Limited (2005) 8 HKCFAR 1.

23.  RPO is appropriate for the present case. See The Secretary for Justice v Yuen Oi Yee Lisa, alias Lisa Yuen, Lisa Lee and another [2006] 1 HKLRD 679, Re Wahyuni v Direcctor of Immigration [2021] HKCFI 1991, by Hon. Chow JA (sitting as an additional judge of the Court of First Instance), 6 July 2021, § 9 and Re Uddin Borhan v Director of Immigration [2021] HKCFI 2129, § 25.

24.  In my view, the fact that the applicant is entitled to apply for subsequent claim under section 37ZO of the Ordinance is irrelevant so far as his intention is clearly an abuse of the process. The application should be viewed together with the procedural history of the case.

25.  For this reason, the Court has called upon the applicant to appear before it to show cause why RPO should not be made against him. The applicant has waived his right to make submission to the Court because he was absent at the hearing without prior notice to the Court.

26.  I am therefore satisfied that, if not restrained, it is likely that the applicant would proceed with this application and other proceedings for the sole purpose of remaining in Hong Kong only. I shall therefore make the RPO in terms below:

(1) The Applicant be prohibited from commencing any fresh proceedings by whatever originating process, or continuing any existing legal proceedings, relating to any non-refoulement claim of the Applicant in the High Court and any appeal, including this Order, without leave of the Court of First Instance.

(2) All applications for leave under paragraph (1) shall be made to the Deputy High Court Judge K.W. Lung or in his absence, the Judge in charge of the Constitutional and Administrative Law List or such other Judge as may be designated by the Chief Judge of the High Court to hear cases in the Constitutional and Administrative Law List.

(3) At least 7 days before filing any application for leave under paragraph (1), the Applicant do notify in writing each intended defendant or respondent of her intention to make such application, enclosing a copy of the draft document by which the fresh proceedings are intended to be commenced, and if any response is received by the Applicant from any such intended defendant or respondent, that the Applicant do file a copy of each such response together with the said application for leave.

(4) Any intended defendant or respondent having notice of such intended proceedings be entitled but under no obligation to place before the Court written representations regarding the same.

(5) All applications made pursuant to this order and all ancillary matters be dealt with by the court on paper and without any oral hearing unless the Court should otherwise direct.

(6) If the Applicant should issue fresh proceedings falling or which may fall within the terms of paragraph (1) without first seeking the Court’s leave, and if such fact should come to the notice of the Registrar of the High Court or any Master or Judge, such fresh proceedings be referred to the Court for a decision as to whether they should be permitted to continue or should be dismissed.

(7) Notice of each decision by this Court or the designated Judge made pursuant to this order be given in writing to the Applicant and to each intended defendant or respondent named in the fresh proceedings.

(8) Whether or not any fresh proceedings are brought to the notice of the Court, if a defendant or respondent is served with such proceedings without the relevant documents being accompanied by either an order granting leave to commence such proceedings or a direction that leave to commence such proceedings is not required, such defendant or respondent be entitled to make no response to such service pending notification of the court’s decision in relation to those proceedings; and that time for acknowledging service or for otherwise responding to such proceedings be deemed extended accordingly.

(9) No more than one leave application under paragraph (1) may be made by the Applicant within any period of 3 months.

(10) No appeal shall lie from a decision of the Judge granting or refusing leave within this Order unless leave to appeal has been granted by the Court.

(11) This order shall cease to have effect at the end of 5 years from the date of this order.

(12) A copy of this Order shall be sent to the Registrar of the High Court.

DISPOSITION

27.  The applicant’s application is dismissed.

28.  RPO in terms of paragraph 26 be made against the applicant.