VU THI THANH HUYEN v. DIRECTOR OF IMMIGRATION

HCAL 359/2022

[2026] HKCFI 1043

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No. 359 of 2022

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review

NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following:

1.   Extension of time for the application for leave to apply for judicial review of the decision of the Director of Immigration dated 12 November 2021 be refused.

2.   The application for leave to apply for judicial review be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

Introduction

1.  By Form 86 filed on 17 May 2022, the Applicant seeks leave to apply for judicial review (the “Leave Application”) of the decision of the Director of Immigration dated 12 November 2021 (respectively, the “Director” and the “Director’s Decision”). By that decision, the Director refused to allow the Applicant to make a subsequent claim for non-refoulement protection after her previous claim had been rejected by the Director on all applicable grounds under the Unified Screening Mechanism (USM) on 5 March 2018. Her appeal to the Torture Claims Appeal Board/Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office (the “Board”) was rejected on 18 April 2019.

2.  On 10 May 2019, the Applicant was voluntarily repatriated to her home country in Vietnam. However, on 4 July 2021 i.e. after a period of 2 years, she sneaked back into Hong Kong and was arrested by the Hong Kong Police on 13 September 2021. She raised her request to make a subsequent claim on 8 October 2021.

3.  The Applicant is absent from the oral hearing before me. I have considered the Leave Application based on the materials available.[1]

Discussion

4.  The Leave Application was lodged out of time under Order 53 rule 4 of the Rules of the High Court, Cap. 4A.

5.  In considering whether to extend time, the Court shall have regard to (1) the length of delay; (2) the reason for delay; (3) the merits of the intended application; and (4) any prejudice that may be occasioned to the applicant if leave is refused as against the prejudice to the respondent and the public administration if leave is granted and (5) question of general public importance.[2]

6.  First, the delay in question is not insubstantial. The Applicant is some 3 months late with her application. She has however neither applied for an extension of time nor provided any explanation for the delay in her affirmation made in support of the Leave Application.

7.  Second, regarding merits, I am not persuaded that the Applicant’s intended application for judicial review of the Director’s Decision is reasonably arguable with any realistic prospect of success.[3]

8.  A decision by the Director in refusing to allow an applicant to make a subsequent claim under section 37ZO of the Immigration Ordinance Cap. 115 is not appealable to the Board.[4]

9.  Judicial review does not operate as a further avenue of appeal. The Leave Application operates as a “filtering” process and there is no requirement or expectation to give elaborate reasons for my decision.[5] In seeking to challenge the Director’s Decision, the Applicant ought to have clearly and precisely identified the grounds relied upon in the Form 86 and in her supporting affirmation. As matter stands, both documents are virtually devoid of substance, save for repeating her claims and a bare assertion that the Director’s Decision “was also wrong”. The Applicant has failed to identify any valid or effective public law grounds.[6]

10.  In view of the seriousness of the issues involved, I have reminded myself of the enhanced standard required by law. Despite the Applicant did not advance any valid ground for the intended judicial review, I have scrutinized the Director’s Decision for any errors of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality.

11.  Under section 37ZO of the Ordinance, there are constraints on an applicant who has previously made a non-refoulement claim to make a subsequent claim:-

“(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a person who has previously made a torture claim must not subsequently make another torture claim.

(2) A person may make a subsequent claim if the person provides sufficient evidence in writing to satisfy an immigration officer that –

(a) there has been a significant change of circumstances since the previous claim was finally determined or withdrawn; and

(b) the change, when taken together with the material previously submitted in support of the previous claim, would give the subsequent claim a realistic prospect of success.

(3) In deciding whether or not a person may make a subsequent claim under subsection (2), an immigration officer may take into account any finding of credibility or fact made by an immigration officer or the Appeal Board in relation to a torture claim previously made by the person…”

12.  As can be seen in the Director’s Decision, the Director duly considered the circumstances provided by the Applicant in her letter dated 8 October 2021 as well as the further information submitted via the Applicant’s legal representative on 8 November 2021.

13.  The Director refused to allow the Applicant to make a subsequent claim upon finding the basis thereof was essentially the same as that of her previous claim. Her current fear for the new creditors is still originated from her previous problem on loan dispute, which had already been submitted and duly considered in her previous claim when the same was concluded as not substantiated. 

14.  The Director rightly came to the view that it therefore does not amount to a significant change of circumstances of her case warranting the making of a subsequent claim. In any event, any change, when taken together with the material previously submitted in support of her previous claim, would not give her intended subsequent a realistic prospect of success. In particular, the Director was entitled to and did take into account the availability of both state protection as well as internal relocation, which had already been considered and assessed in her previous claim.

15.  Therefore, I do not find any error of law or procedural unfairness or irrationality on the part of the Director in the consideration and assessment of the Applicant’s request to make a subsequent claim.

16.  Finally, I discern no prejudice in refusing to allow the Applicant to proceed with an application that is, in any event, wholly unmeritorious. Conversely, allowing her to do so would disrupt and undermine the proper administration and cause prejudice to the Putative Respondent. For completeness, I also do not accept (if so contended by the Applicant) that the matter raises any question of general public importance requiring determination by the Court.

Conclusion

17.  I see no good reason to extend time for the Applicant to apply for leave to seek judicial review. I accordingly dismiss the Leave Application.

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1