HUSSAIN MAJID v. TORTURE CLAIMS APPEAL BOARD / NON-REFOULEMENT CLAIMS PETITION OFFICE

HCAL 2469/2020

[2026] HKCFI 627

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No 2469 of 2020

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review

NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord 53 r 3)

Following;

	consideration of documents only;          or
	consideration of the documents and oral submissions by the Applicant in open court;

1.  Form 86 be amended, naming the Director of Immigration as the Putative Interested Party.

2.  The application for leave to apply for judicial review out of time be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

Introduction

1.  By a Form 86 filed on 21 December 2020 (the “Form 86”), the Applicant applied for leave to apply for judicial review against the decision of the Torture Claims Appeal Board (the “TCAB”) dated 18 October 2020. There was no such decision; rather there was one dated 18 August 2020 (the “TCAB Decision”), which affirmed the decision of the Director of Immigration (the “DOI”) dated 18 September 2018 (a copy of which was exhibited to the Applicant’s affirmation in support). I regard the present application as a challenge against the TCAB Decision.

2.  I amend the Form 86 on my own motion to name the DOI as the putative interested party.

3.  The Applicant requested for a hearing of this application and he attended the same.

Background

4.  The Applicant is a national of Pakistan. He seeks non-refoulement protection on the basis that he would be harmed or killed by his cousin. The Applicant, his cousin and 2 other business partners jointly purchased a plot of land, and a dispute subsequently arose as to whether the land should be sold. One of the partners found the Applicant’s cousin to be disrespectful and he went to the cousin’s place with a gun. The cousin was not home at the time and the partner killed the cousin’s younger brother. Somehow the cousin thought the Applicant was involved (when he was not), and the cousin took steps to retaliate. Upon the business partner being arrested by the police, he told the police that the Applicant was also implicated in the shooting and the Applicant became a wanted man. The cousin was politically influential and was part of a local gang, and the Applicant feared for his life. The Applicant’s personal background, the relevant facts and relevant procedural history have been sufficiently set out in the TCAB Decision, which can be viewed through a hyperlink[1]. I shall therefore not repeat them.

Discussion

5.  The leave application operates as a filtering process and there is no requirement or expectation to give elaborate reasons for my decision: Re Zunariyah [2018] HKCA 14 at [23]. It is sufficient to state my observations after considering the TCAB Decision and the materials adduced by the Applicant.

6.  I remind myself that in a judicial review, this court does not provide a further avenue of appeal. Though in non-refoulement cases an enhanced standard in scrutinizing the decision of the TCAB is required given the seriousness of the issue at hand, this court should not usurp the role of the TCAB, which together with the DOI are the primary decision-makers. A finding of fact is exclusively within the realm of the TCAB, and this court will not intervene by way of judicial review unless there are errors of law or procedural unfairness or irrationality in the decision of the TCAB: Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524 at [14(1)]. There must be a reasonably arguable case with a realistic prospect of success before leave for judicial review will be granted: Peter Po Fun Chan v Winnie Cheung (2007) 10 HKCFAR 676.

7.  In a proper Form 86, an applicant is required to identify the grounds of judicial review clearly and succinctly: Ho Loy v Director of Environmental Protection (unreported, HCAL 21/2015, 22 December 2016) at [142], and further to make full and frank disclosure of all material facts to be verified by an affidavit.

8.  The Applicant did not point to any error of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality of the TCAB Decision in the Form 86. In his affirmation in support he stated that he was dissatisfied with the TCAB Decision and his life remained in danger.

9.  As can be seen from the TCAB Decision, the TCAB took into account all the evidence available [1-15, 48-49] and found that on the basis of the same, applying also the correct legal principles in respect of all the applicable grounds [16-47] and properly considering Country of Origin information [48, 67, 87-90, 93-94], the Applicant’s allegations were insufficient to make out any of the applicable grounds [77-80, 81-82, 83‑84, 85-86]. The TCAB specifically held that the Applicant’s evidence contained many inconsistencies and appeared speculative such that it caused the TCAB to question the Applicant’s credibility [50-76]. There were conclusions that the TCAB was fully entitled to come to, and there was accordingly no factual or evidential basis to support the Applicant’s claims [76].

10.  The TCAB further concluded that internal relocation was available on the evidence [95].

11.  At the hearing, the Applicant informed me that he was married in Hong Kong in September 2024. This however is irrelevant to the issues that I need to deal with, namely the correctness (in the public law sense) of the TCAB Decision.

12.  All in all, I do not see any errors of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality in the TCAB Decision, despite rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny. The Applicant’s intended challenge to the TCAB Decision is therefore not reasonably arguable, and accordingly the application for leave to apply for judicial review is dismissed. I further note that the application was brought out of time, given that Order 53 rule 4(1) requires the leave application to be taken out within 3 months after the TCAB Decision was made. Since I have held that the application is without merit, I also refuse to grant an extension of time (there was in any case no explanation for the delay).

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1